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Emissions Document Directory > Produced Waters
When crude oil is produced from the reservoir it is frequently accompanied by water. This is either naturally present or it has been injected into the reservoir to maintain pressure for production. The proportion of water produced increases as the oil field matures. Some of this water is re-injected. If environmental quality standards are not exceeded  the remainder may be discharged to surface waters.

The objective of environmental management of produced water is to reduce the quantity and to improve the quality of discharged produced water.

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1- There is to date no universal solution for the treatment of produced water. There is a need for further experience and information exchange on the use of different technologies associated with produced water.

2- Integrated produced water management should be based on the following prioritised strategies: Prevent the production or inject produced water for reservoir pressure maintenance, - Inject produced water for disposal if energy requirements do not cause more environmental tradeoffs Minimise waste production Treat and dispose remaining production water.

3- Integrated produced water management would also require the minimisation of hazardous chemicals use in the treatment process. 

4- Integrated produced water management should take into account specific local conditions and engineering limitations. 

5- The industry should continuously seek to develop new technologies, but also implement an optimal utilisation of existing technology and resources including continuous training of personnel. (Conclusions Experts Meeting Noordwijk 1997)

Norne -North Sea (Statoil):  produced water is  re-injected into the reservoir.

 

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Application to Produced Water

Cleanup Power fluidics has been applied to many industries and additional information can be provided to you in support of your particular applications.

Applications have been developed whereby hydrocarbon condensate concentrations in produced water have been reduced from 930ppm to less than 10ppm (total hydrocarbons) in two stages. The unit provides a high turn down ratio for a range of applications, while providing very high separation efficiencies. Use of fuel gas as the stripping agent and the very high intensity contacting leads to a very compact unit size, resulting in significant reduction in package weight. The unit can combine several functions, degassing, hydrocarbon separation and removal of dissolved hydrocarbons.

V-tex can handle 5% of solid by weight with no detriment and higher concentrations can be accommodated.

Application to Seawater Deoxygenation

Application of V-tex to deoxygenate seawater can result in a significant reduction in size, weight and wind loading for offshore platforms, FPSOs and other facilities. Unit sizes have been demonstrated to provide equal or improved performance but at a fifth of the size of a conventional column. The high intensity contacting also helps to reduce congestion and can be designed to fit between decks, resulting in a potential improvement in safety.